Alka Arora and Emily Pawlowski at AIR will be presenting on "Examining the gender gap in mathematical skills over time from 15-year-olds to young adults in the U.S., Italy, and Australia".

This paper will examine the relationship of the mathematics proficiency of fifteen-year-olds to the proficiency of their age cohort as adults in various countries. The mathematical literacy performance of fifteen-year-olds in the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) and the numeracy performance of the relevant age cohort that participated in the 2012 Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), which assessed adults aged 16 to 65, will be compared. After looking at how similar or different the performance of countries is on these two mathematics assessments, and looking at performance by gender, this study then focuses on factors that may contribute to changes in gender differences over time in these countries, focusing on patterns in the U.S., Italy, and Australia. 

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